Nile
Festival House is located east of the cardo and takes up a major part of
its insula. The House is dated to the beginning of the 5th century AD and
was in use until the end of the Byzantine period. it is the largest and
most impressive building so far exposed. All of its some 20 rooms have
beautiful, multi-colored mosaic floors. On the pavement between the cardo
and the western facade of the building, a mosaic floor was unearthed with
an eight-line inscription referring to the mosaic artists. The House has
three main wings connected by corridors. In the center of the western wing
a basilica was found - a hall containing two rows of columns and various
adjacent rooms. Additional rooms surrounding an open courtyard are found
in the house's eastern wing. The southern wing, now mostly in ruins,
included a toilet among its rooms.
The largest mosaic floor and the most elegant is a fascinating mosaic
which depicts Egyptian festivals celebrating the high-water peak of the
Nile.
This mosaic is split into two main parts: the Nile Festival, and hunting
scenes. The Nile part of the pavement portrays the Nile Festival, a theme
which has a long tradition in the Roman period.
The Nile itself features
depictions of flora and fauna characteristic of the river in the period.
Above the river is a Nilometer, next to which stands a half-naked
personification of Egypt, to which corresponds the personification of the
Nile River, in the opposite corner. Beneath the Nile River, the festival
held in honour of the Nile in flood was depicted twice. The rest of the
lower part of the pavement was devoted to various hunting scenes, this
including a lion devouring an ox, a bear devouring a wild boar, and a
panther attacking a gazelle. A notable feature of this pavement appears to
be once more an apparent dichotomy between, on the one hand, the
“idyllic”, as manifest by the celebration of the Nile Festival, and the
“violent”, as represented by the hunting scene
below.
Others mosaics floors were
found in the house, as the amazons mosaic.
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